PUBLIC TRUSTEE'S CLAIM.

PUBLIC TRUSTEE'S CLAIM. (Before Mr. W. G. Riddell, S.M.) Further evidence it, the case, in which the Public Trustee, administrator of the estate of Ah Chong deceased, claimed from Mark Maxton, commission agent, of Greytown North, the sum of £I18 17s. 5d., was heard before Mr. W. G. Riddell, S.M., at the Magistrate's Court yesterday. The defendant Maxton carried out certain business matters for the deceased Chinaman, and it is alleged that when Ah Chong died, he (the defendant) received instructions to have the body embalmed and sent to China. Accordingly the body was dispatched, in the charge of a relative of the deceased. The total cost of embalming the body, and sending it to China, was £I88 17s. 5d., which amount was taken from the estate of the deceased. After the body was on its way to China, the Public. Trusteo stepped in, and alleged that the sum of £I88 17s. 5d. belonged to the estate, and that Maxton was bound to account for it to the Public Trustee. Hence the present action.
After hearing the evidence of the Chinese and the defendant Maxton, his Worship reserved decision. Dominion, Volume 6, Issue 1763, 30 May 1913, Page 3

Leap Of Faith

01/10/2012

Introduced by David Wenham

This week Australian Story tracks Li Cunxin - once one of the world's best known dancers - as he embarks on a high stakes return to the ballet world after 15 years as a stockbroker.
Li Cunxin is known as 'Mao's Last Dancer' through the best selling book and movie of the same name.
At the age of 11 he was plucked from an impoverished family in rural China to become one of the most acclaimed dancers in the world.
He ultimately settled in Australia with his dancer wife Mary McKendry and took on an new career in stockbroking to better support his family.
Now, he's back in a new job as Artistic Director of the Queensland Ballet. It's seen as a gamble because he has no track record as a choreographer.
Australian Story cameras have been filming behind the scenes in the lead up to Li Cunxins first big test - the launch of the new season...

Leap Of Faith - Transcript

PROGRAM TRANSCRIPT: Monday, 1 October , 2012 

DAVID WENHAM, PRESENTER: Hello, I’m David Wenham. Tonight’s Australian Story is about a family friend, dancer Li Cunxin. He’s also known as 'Mao’s Last Dancer' after the book and film of his life. After a glittering international career he moved to Australia and stopped dancing. Now, after more 15 years, Li's back in the ballet studio. This is Li Cunxin’s Australian Story.

LI CUNXIN, BALLET DANCER: I always refer back to a wonderful story my father kept telling us as a child. It was about this little frog born into a deep well with very little sunshine, occasionally star and moon to experience so he didn’t know there’s a much bigger and better world up there. Until one day a land frog above told him there’s a bigger and a much better world up there. And for me, when I heard that story as a child, I wondered if I was that unfortunate little frog born into a limited environment, into a terrible life. And so I aspired from that moment onwards to maybe a chance to be able to get out the deep well, to be able to experience the better world. In my heart, there is always a sense of longing for ballet.

ANNA MARSDEN, QUEENSLAND BALLET COMPANY CEO: His passion for dance never left. He doesn’t feel rusty or out of date at all. He has such desire to reconnect with the dance world.

LI CUNXIN: I think that fire was always there. Wasn’t even a seed, it was a fire. And even-eventually it’s like a volcano – just erupted!

NATHANAEL COOPER, ‘THE COURIER MAIL’ ARTS EDITOR: There will be people queuing up just to see Li. He has that celebrity about him. But there’s also going to be enormous interest from the dance community, from the ballet lovers in Queensland as to what he’s going to bring for his first season.

ANNA MARSDEN, QUEENSLAND BALLET COMPANY CEO: There’ll be opinions about this season straight away. There is definitely more of a magnifying glass over our organisation because Li hasn’t done the job before. A lot of people love Queensland Ballet just the way it is and until you present the next year’s season, there will always be some uncertainty and people concerned about are going to still to do the things that I love, and are you not? And this is too much change.

FEMALE QUEENSLAND BALLET SUPPORTER 1: Our old director Francois was absolutely wonderful, and we’re hoping for great things with this one.

FEMALE QUEENSLAND BALLET SUPPORTER 2: I want to hear what he’s got to say and how he plans the upcoming season.

FEMALE QUEENSLAND BALLET SUPPORTER 3: He was 'Mao’s Last Dancer' well, you know, let’s see what he can produce.

LI CUNXIN: Change is not necessarily a comfortable thing and I think people be able to say ‘yeah Li has put a stick in the sand’ about the kind of direction, new direction and the kind of repertoire that I’m going to bring to this company.
This is a real test for us and how can we deliver on this moment with the new director. For the last few months I felt I was still living in the clouds and had all these incredible ideas flowing through my mind: this is what I’m going to do, this is what I’m going to do on day one! (laughs) And then I come over here, my head is still spinning right now!

ANNA MARSDEN, QUEENSLAND BALLET COMPANY CEO: We’ve been around for over 50 years. It’s a small ensemble of 26 dancers. Well Artistic director really is the visionary behind the art, the art form and the artist. So in a dance environment they are the trainer or the coach of the dancers. We were looking to leap. We were looking to bite off more than we could chew, so to speak. And Li came in with just, he just oozed ambition for the company and possibility. And I just thought we want that; that’s what we want.

LI CUNXIN: It’s really up to me now to take the company to the next level. And the next level for me really has to be an international standard.

ANNA MARSDEN, QUEENSLAND BALLET COMPANY CEO: We had cake to welcome him to the administrative staff. And I said to him would you like some cake? And he said ‘I don’t have a sweet tooth'. And I said ‘oh that’s a shame’. And he said ‘yes, when we were in the school they used to give us a teaspoon of sugar in a glass of hot water once a week; that was our treat’. And here am I holding this gigantic cream-laden cupcake, and I sort of went ‘I’m sorry Li! I’m really sorry!’ And it is that thing where you forget that he’s had this amazing story.

LI CUNXIN: I was born into utter poverty in Mao’s Communist China. I was the sixth of seven peasant sons. There were over 35 to 40 million people died in China of hunger, of starvation. I’ve seen so much during my childhood of the total desperation on my mother’s face when there’s not enough food for to cook for her seven sons, when she starved herself for her sons to have another extra mouthful. Those kind of images will never leave me. Then one day this amazing opportunity came when I was virtually plucked out of the countryside to study ballet. And it was such a fateful day.

BRUCE BERESFORD, FILM DIRECTOR: That tiny moment really changed his entire life. If that hadn’t happened he’d have been a peasant farmer at best, probably like his parents.

LI CUNXIN: Madame Mao’s cultural advisors from the Beijing Dance Academy were led into our classroom by the head of our school. And they were there to select talents to study ballet. We knew nothing about ballet. What the hell was ballet? They passed me by without taking any notice. Just as when they were about to leave and go out the door, my class teacher said ‘excuse me, what about that one?’ And pointed at me. Amongst millions of people across China, I was one of the 44. At age 11, left my family, went to Beijing to study ballet for seven years. We were only allowed to see our families once a year.

MARY LI, WIFE: And even as a youngster, at 11 he went there, he was so dreadfully homesick. And he’s got a very wonderful mother and father, so loving. But he knew, he just knew it was the opportunity to help them.

LI CUNXIN: It was a great opportunity to get out of the deep well, that was for me. But that little frog was so lost. It was absolutely lost in a big world where, you know, ballet was so foreign. And I hated the ballet with passion the first few years, absolutely hated it. The training regime we were put through was absolutely brutal. We were forced to put one leg on the barre and we pull our body forward and the chest have to flatten on the knee, the head to touch the toes on the other end. If you didn’t get down low enough the teacher would come behind you, force his weight upon you, force your body down. I couldn’t possibly do that to my dancers today. I’ll be, you know, in jail; I’ll be in court. But you know that was the first day of my training.

NATHANAEL COOPER, ‘THE COURIER MAIL’ ARTS EDITOR: The dancers were very nervous when, when he first arrived in the building for the first day. There were nerves about what he was going to with the company. Whether he was going to still want to keep all the same dancers that had been there before or whether he wanted to change it up and bring in new dancers.

RACHAEL WALSH, PRINCIPAL DANCER: I read the book along with the rest of the world – Li’s story. Upon meeting him I think I was, I was quite star-struck. It was obvious from the first step that he had not forgotten what it was to be a dancer. And he is a dancer still I think in his heart.

LI CUNXIN: I see the, you know, my role as a multitask role. So not just be a father figure, to love them, to, you know, really nurture them, to help them, but also really demand the best out of them too. I just think, you know, for me to say – keep telling them they’re lovely, it’s not going to do the work. And you have to help them, you have to demand that discipline and that standard to be able to help them to achieve their best.
RACHAEL WALSH, PRINCIPAL DANCER: It's fun, it's challenging and yeah I find I’m, I’m learning new things every day so yeah. You can teach an old dog new tricks obviously.

LI CUNXIN: I think there is that gradual trust is emerging now. So they trust me to try things that they may not have been used to or have been taught before.

BRUCE BERESFORD, FILM DIRECTOR: Towards the end of his training with the dance academy in Beijing, with great determination he became the leading dancer in the school. Li was around 19 or 20 I think when he was offered a scholarship to go to America. It was most unusual for the Chinese government to actually agree for someone to go abroad to study. But they did agree, with some reluctance, and he ended up in Houston.

LI CUNXIN: I was like a child walking through a lolly shop. It was - everything was new, everything was exciting, everything was just refreshing. I had secretly fell in love with a young dancer as well. I married Elizabeth. But one thing that made me absolute realise as artist how important it was is the freedom. The freedom people enjoyed seeing the American dancers dance with such freedom in their heart. Maybe technically they were not as strong as me, but I couldn’t possibly dream of dancing with that freedom. And when the crunch time came that I have to go back to China and I find I couldn’t, I couldn’t leave Elizabeth. That time was probably the most difficult time in my life. By that time I was nearly 20, and at that young age trying to make a choice: either leave or to stay in America but potentially lose everything I loved back in China, my parents, six brothers and all the people I loved back there. I came to believe I cannot possibly help anyone let alone my family if I cannot realise my absolute best in the profession I loved. I decided to stay for my love for Elizabeth and my love for ballet.

BRUCE BERESFORD, FILM DIRECTOR: He decided that he would remain in America. The Chinese government then quickly kidnapped him and kept him prisoner in the Chinese embassy in Houston. And he was locked up in a top room and they were planning to put him on a plane and ship him back to Beijing.

LI CUNXIN: That's when the press got on board and then Barbara Bush and eventually vice-president Bush, even Ronald Regan, to negotiate with Deng Xiaoping to allow me to be released.

BRUCE BERESFORD, FILM DIRECTOR: And the Chinese caved in. He was released and could stay in America.

LI CUNXIN: Elizabeth and I we were both too young really and it was impossible for that marriage to actually survive.

BRUCE BERESFORD, FILM DIRECTOR: Once he stayed of course his career then soared because he was really I mean he was their principal dancer.

LI CUNXIN: I danced on the most prestigious stages, in front of the presidents, prime ministers, royalties, you know name it.

BRUCE BERESFORD, FILM DIRECTOR: He was very upset, needless to say about not seeing the family. But he couldn’t really contact them. He was frightened of getting in touch with them. He thought if he wrote to them there’d be some sort of retribution. So he - so there was even no contact. But he then met a Chinese ambassador at a cocktail party and the ambassador hinted to him that perhaps things were changing.

LI CUNXIN: My parents were granted the permission to leave China to visit me in America. What a dream that came true for us. And it was during that time you know I danced with Mary. She was invited by my director to dance with me as my partner at the Houston Ballet.

MARY LI, WIFE: We had this slight kiss and we both knew there was something there. But nothing was ever said. When you get a partner to dance with that works well with you, it’s very unusual to find that. That actually was the beginning of a relationship which we tried not to have really because we loved being dance partners, you know, we didn’t want to mix it up. But anyway, that’s history now. Yeah.

LI CUNXIN: I always have a spot for Queensland in my heart, because I married a Queenslander.

SOPHIE LI, DAUGHTER: When the day finally arrived that he was going to go to Queensland and actually be an artistic director well, OK yep this is great. And for them to move up to Brisbane to chase their dreams is fantastic and while at the same time it’s a little bit sad because my brother and I will still stay back behind in Melbourne.

LI CUNXIN: Mary and I we always wanted children, mentally we were prepared to have a child and for Mary to come back to dancing career. That was the plan. We didn’t realize until when Sophie was 18 months old, Sophie was totally deaf.

MARY LI, WIFE: But I researched everything because I wanted her to speak.

LI CUNXIN: I mean that’s the thing that was very big sad moment when we discovered her deafness was she was not going to listen to, hear the music. How beautiful music brings into our lives. And she would not be able to appreciate music through dance. Because dance without music might as well not exist.

MARY LI, WIFE: So there was a sort of frustration really, because as a baby you know she could communicate by touching your leg. But as time went on then she became quite difficult to handle.

LI CUNXIN: It was around that time that we moved back to Australia. Mary then decided to stop dancing, to sacrifice her career for our daughter Sophie. It was a heartbreaking experience for me to lose Mary as a partner, for her to give up something she loved so much from a very little child. She left dance at the height of her career.

MARY LI, WIFE: I heard about the cochlear implant, and I just thought what have we got to lose?

LI CUNXIN: She’s really loving her implants, loving the sound, loving to be able to communicate with people.

MARY LI, WIFE: It was a long journey. But now I think the conversations I have with my daughter, I mean everything was worth it.

SOPHIE LI, DAUGHTER: She’s always told me that the best gift was the daughter that I am becoming not really the success she had with her ballet career. My dad has told us countless tales of his childhood. He felt he was the lucky one who was able to go further and have more opportunities that many others couldn’t have.

LI CUNXIN: I was determined to help my family, my family in Australia – my three children - but as well as my rather large family back in China, my parents and my six brothers. That was always my childhood dream, to be able to help them one day. And I think through stockbroking, I have been able to achieve that.

BRUCE BERESFORD, FILM DIRECTOR: Li was dancing for years back out here in Australia with the ballet companies, but I think around the age of 38 he realised he couldn’t keep dancing forever. So looking for something else to do he decided to become a stockbroker. Now that does seem a bit of a surprise, but when I was at Houston researching the film, a couple of the ballet company said to me ‘oh, we remember when Li first arrived.' And they said he didn’t actually speak English but the first thing he did was he took out a subscription to the Wall Street Journal (laughs).

SOPHIE LI, DAUGHTER: When dad started stockbroking he really did miss dancing a lot because that was his passion. So I would often see him and mum actually grabbing on a stairwell rail and actually do a barre.

MARY LI, WIFE: And I think he got a bit sad really. And we were away on a weekend with a group of friends and one of them said ‘why don’t you put a few points down of your story and I’ll take it to my editor’. And the editor just wrote back to him quietly and said, ‘can you tell me a little bit more?’ And then it just started to pour out of him.

ANNA MARSDEN, QUEENSLAND BALLET COMPANY CEO: Li's book, 'Mao’s Last Dancer', became an international best seller.

BRUCE BERESFORD, FILM DIRECTOR: It’s a wonderful story and I thought ‘gosh, this’d make a terrific film.’ It’s a very hard to believe story, a number of the critics actually commented that it had to have been a fantasy. But it wasn’t. Li visited the set a few times and I was quite apprehensive. And he took one look at it and he turned to me and he said ‘it’s exactly right down to the last detail’.

(Brisbane - August, 2012)
LI CUNXIN: It’s always my ambition to be able to give something back to the art form that I loved so much. So when this opportunity come up to direct the Queensland Ballet, and I have done stockbroking for over 10 years, I thought there’s no better timing then is now.

MARY LI, WIFE: He’s carried his family all these years and looked after them and they’re doing well. And so he can think about what he actually wants to do. And so he’s been given this opportunity and he wants to do it. Going back into the dance world is just like putting your skin back on again.

LI CUNXIN: It’s fabulous, fabulous to be able to move physically. I feel good about it. But I really sometimes I feel frustrated because there’s certain things I wish I could actually still show them but it’s going to break my back or break my knee or break my leg in the process and I thought ‘oh, I better behave.’

ANNA MARSDEN, QUEENSLAND BALLET COMPANY CEO: What the whole purpose of launching the season is to try to sell season tickets, try to get as many individuals to sign on for the entire year, because that’s certainly your fan base.

NATHANAEL COOPER, ‘THE COURIER MAIL’ ARTS EDITOR: While Li’s appointment was received with enormous support and a lot of excitement there was also a lot of curiosity and a lot of questions asked about what kind of artistic director he would be, because he’s not a choreographer. And bringing in choreographers in to do that it's going to come with an extra cost and where is that money going to come from?

LI CUNXIN: We work very hard in the fundraising area with my business connections. And also with my new vision I think quite a lot of people are excited about supporting us. We are going to bring some wonderful choreographers with their new works and they are willing to work with us within our budget.

(Brisbane - four days ago – Launch and preview for season ticket holders)

ANNA MARSDEN, QUEENSLAND BALLET COMPANY CEO: I just want it to go so well. He’s put everything into it. And it’s just - it's his heart and soul on stage we’re going to see. I think in the end next year’s season will restore a lot of faith. And people who have been a little bit concerned I really believe they’ll be proud of their company.

LI CUNXIN: Oh, I can finally take a deep breath now. I’ve been holding this breath for days. And ever since my appointment really, I’ve been dreaming of this day go well. I have to say it went well. And I think the response from the audience is just beyond my imagination.

FEMALE QUEENSLAND BALLET SUPPORTER: You could feel the audience just connecting so strongly. He has so much vision so much passion I think he just made us all believe in that.

MALE QUEENSLAND BALLET SUPPORTER: Brisbane’s treasure in ballet. And I believe that he is actually going to take the ballet to a new high.

NATHANAEL COOPER, ‘THE COURIER MAIL’ ARTS EDITOR: The audiences are really excited about what Li is going to bring to next year. Now we just have to see it.

LI CUNXIN: Looking back on my life, that aspiring little frog dreamed for a chance to get out of that deep well to be able to experience and enjoy the real world. And I have to say that I have made my life successful and now I can use that success to inspire and motivate others. A lot of dreams have come true but this is a new dream, a new challenge.

END CAPTIONS:
With Li Cunxin’s help, his six brothers in China have been able to pursue ‘good careers’ in various fields.

His mother still lives in Shandong province in North Eastern China and Li Cunxin visits her frequently.

Next year Mary Li will join her husband at Queensland Ballet, in a teaching role.

The 'Far Eastern Review" states: "It may astonish the housewife who pays 2/- a dozen to know that eggs delivered at the doors of this plant are only 13/9 a thousand and that in summer the price sometimes goes down as low as twelve dozen eggs for 2/1. And these are "fresh egge ivhich the grocers would label 'strict!/ fresh eggs,' since in China, a land where everything is upside down to foreign nations, the older an egg is the more valuable it becomes, and eggs guaranteed to be at least 100 years old are served as delicacies at Chinese banquets, while the fresher the egg the cheaper it is. All the processes of drying and preservation are carried qn under systems of sterilisation."  Auckland Star, Volume XLVIII, Issue 18, 20 January 1917, Page 4

An Opunake Chinese storekeeper announces—" Goods to suit the ladies; prices to suit the gentlemen." 
Manawatu Times , Issue 7909, 19 January 1904, Page 2

Feom returns furnished to a Southern contemporary, it appears that the Chinese population of Otago amounts to 2606. The journal from which we quote estimates 700 oz. of gold per week as the produce of the Celestial population—the greater portion of which they hoard, wi h the view of removal to their country. On the 30th of December, sixty-seven Chinese took their departure from Dunedin for Melbourne, en route for China, having made a very handsome sum amongst them at the diggings. New Zealand Herald, Volume VII, Issue 1877, 21 January 1870, Page 4

The arrivals for 1908 alone totalled 589, and of that number 538 were Chinese. The education test, however, proved its value, for in 1909 only 171 Celestials succeeded in gaining admittance, which was the smallest number for the past six years. The estimated number of Chinese in the Dominion at the end of last year was 2,824, including 67 females, but judging by the few arrivals since the beginning of 1909, the education test has practically stopped the immigration of Asiatics to New Zealand.  Manawatu Standard, Volume XLI, Issue 9263, 15 July 1910, Page 4

RETAIL PRICES STRONG PROTESTS MADE
Strong protests against allegations at the conference of the Dominion Council of Commercial Growers that retailors throughout New Zealand were making excessive profits by buying goods at low prices and reselling at ceiling prices, were made at the annual conference of the New Zealand Federation of Retail Fruiterers and Greengrocers, which ended in Wellington yesterday. Delegates stressed that at present retailers were paying ceiling prices for goods of decidedly inferior quality, of which only; a very small proportion could be sold at ceiling prices if at all. One statement had alleged that cabbages bought at Is a bag were retailed at 3d a pound. That implied that all the cabbages were in good condition and were saleable, but in such cases the position was that only a small number of the cabbages were fit for sale. The selling of the few good cabbages at 3d a pound could not be considered excessive.
Retailers, it was stated, had paid up to 17s a cwt for cabbages, and still found only a small proportion saleable at any price. In support of this contention, cabbages grown by commercial growers and purchased this week in a Wellington city market at the ceiling price of 17s a cwt were displayed. Actually, not one of the cabbages was considered fit for resale. It had been suggested that retailers had purchased no tomatoes before the ceiling price was due to lift, and then bought in cheaply and sold at ceiling prices. Delegates gave a number of instances where tomatoes were not available due to commercial growers withholding supplies till the removal of the ceiling price. Officers elected were: President, Mr. J A. Stuart (Hamilton); vice-president, Mr. L. S Chanwai (Wellington): secretary. Mr. C. C. King (Auckland); council. Messrs. J. S. Roe and C. All Chee (Auckland), J. C. Kum and G. Nana (Wellington), H. R. Gallichan (Hamilton). W. Norman (Palmerston North). T. Louie (Westport), W. Bradshaw (Christchurch). Evening Post, Volume CXXXVIII, Issue 25, 29 July 1944, Page 5

COMPANY REGISTRATIONS.

The following new company registrations are among those published In the "Mercantile Gazette": Sack and Case (N.Z.), Ltd., Lower Hutt. Capital: £10,000 in shares of £1 each. Subscribers Wellington, Market Gardeners, Ltd., 5000; L. S. D. Chanwai, 20; A. D. McKay, W. Wah, 10 each; Paraparaumu, E. P. Vincent, 10; Lower Hutt, I. Ferretti, 10; Napier, A. young, 10. Objects: Purchase, sell, distribute, and collect, fruit, vegetables, garden produce, and flower containers, sacks, bags, and incidental. 
Evening Post, Volume CXL, Issue 54, 1 September 1945, Page 8

NATIONALITY A CHINAMAN'S DIFFICULTY

 VISIT OF CHILDREN TO CHINA,

Interesting points as to nationality were argued before the Full Court to-day, when a Chinaman, Joe Lum, storekeeper, of Wellington, raised the question in an action between himself and the Attorney- General. On. the Bench were the Chief Justice (Sir Robert Stout), Mr. Justice Cooper, Mr. Justice Sim, and Mr. Justice Herdman. Sir John Findlay, K.C., with him Mr. A. de B. Brandon, appeared for Lum, while Sir John Salmond, Solicitor-General, represented the Crown.

The facts of the case are that Joe Lum is an unnaturhlised Chinese resident of Wellington, who married Chu Ah Nui in New Zealand on 28th November, 1905. Six children have been born in Wellington. Lum is now about to visit China, taking with him his infant children, whom he intends to leave in China for some years for the purpose of being educated in their native tongue. On application to the Customs Department, Lum was informed that unless the children return to the Dominion within four years after registering of their names in accordance with section 2 of the Immigration Restriction Act, 1908, they will not be allowed to land in New Zealand except on payment of the poll-tax of £100, and on passing the test imposed by section 31 and 42 respectively of the Immigration Restriction Act. According to Lum, it is not improbable that circumstances will keep the children in China for longer than four years. The Court was asked for an order interpreting the enactment, and, in particular, determining (1) whether, in the event of a person bom in New Zealand of Chinese parents not nationalised under the Aliens Act, 1908, and leaving New Zealand while an infant, and returning to Now Zealand while still an infant to rejoin his or her parents, poll tax will be payable in respect of these persons (a) if such person complies with the requirements of subsection la of section 2 of the Immigration Restriction Act, 1908, (b) if such person complies with all the requirements of the subsection except the requirements as to return within four.years, (c) if such person fails to comply with any of the requirements of the said subsection; (2) whether, in the event of such person leaving New Zealand while an infant, and returning after attaining 21 years of! age without having renounced or lost his or her British nationality, poll tax will be payable in respect of such person (a)_ if such person complies with the requirements of subsection 1 (a) of section 2 of the Immigration Restriction Act Amendment, 1908, (b) if such person complies with the requirements of the subsection, except the requirements as to l .turn within four years, (c) if such person fails to comply with any of the requirements of-tho subsection.

Sir John Findlay said the central question was whether the children in the case were Chinese. He react the definition attached to the Immigration Restriction Act, and said that these children, having been born in New Zealand, were British subjects. If the action of the Customs Department was upheld it might equally be held that any New Zealander leaving the country might be treated as an immigrant upon his return. Sir John Salmond, K.C., said that his construction of the Act imposed no hardship on anyone. Tho Act contained the fullest power for discretionary exemption in all proper cases. If it was deemed proper to allow a young Chinaman to leave the country and return later without restriction, there was power, under the Amending Act of 1910, to allow him to do so. It must not be understood, however, that he could do this of his own right. In the present case, for instance, these young Chinamen might, by virtue of their education in China, lose all trace of European customs and education, and might return to the Dominion essentially Chinese.

The Court reserved its decision,

 Evening Post, Volume XCVII, Issue 149, 26 June 1919, Page 8

IMMIGRATION ACT. DEFINITION OF "CHINESE." [PRESS  ASSOCIATION]
WELLINGTON, Jury 8. The Court of Appeal to-day delivered judgment in the case of Joe Lum v. the Attorney-General. This was an originating summons to determine the meaning of the definition of "Chinese in the Immigration Restriction Act.
The facts were that a Chinaman married here .wished to send his children, all born in New Zealand, to China to be educated, and the question was whether, if they did not return to New Zealand within four years they cause under the definition and would be subject to the restrictions of the Act.
The Court held that the children in such' case would not come under the restrictions of the Act.  Marlborough Express, Volume LIII, Issue 191, 9 July 1919, Page 5

CRESWICK.

CRESWICK.
The following case was tried atthe Police Court, Creswick, on Friday last: —" Anne Leo Clung v. William Loo Ching, claim formaintenance. Mr. Burton for the complainant, and Mr. Thompson for the defendant. Anne Loo Ching said: lam the wife of William Loo Cliing.. I was confined in Ballarat seven weeks previous to my trial. I was tried on the 12th of last month for suffocating my chhd, and was acquitted. I came home ou the 13th. On the Sunday, I saw Loo Ching and another Chinaman there. I went with Mrs. Ah Coon. Loo Cliing tried to push me out of the house, I said, " I will not go out; 1 am your lawful wife, and you shall not live with any other woman." He said, " I will keep as many wives as the Chinese law allows." Ho gave me .£1 ou Sunday to go to Ballarat with: I expended it in paying for my coach hire and buying a pair of boots. I have been home since, and slept with him on Thursday night. I saw' Julia Miller at Loo dung's house. He said she was his housekeeper. I am at present staying with the wife of a Chinaman on tbe Black Lead. I am to pay her £1 per week for my board and lodging. Cross-examined by Mr. Thompson : I was tried for suffocating my child. I was married in Melbourne to Loo.Ching by a Protestant clergyman. Loo Ching has taken awa}' my marriage certificate, wedding-ring*, and keepers. I was not tried in Castlemaine for stabbing anybody. 1 got drunk, but Loo Ching gives me tho liquor. I swear I have, never been locked up in Ballarat since my trial, nor did my husband ever catch me in bed with a Chinaman or any body else. I do not know William Griff. lam now living with a Chinaman's wife on the Black Lead. When I went to Loo Ching's house I found two eggs in the cupboard, which I broke on Julia Miller's face. lam not of a violent temper, or I would not allow Loo Ching to gag me and beat me with his Chinese slipper. By Mr. Burton — I lived and slept with Loo Ching before I was sent to Ballarat and since I came back I slept with him, and did not sleep on a sofa. I aud Mrs. Ah Coon and Loo Ching slept together on Thursday night. He slept in the middle. I was a servant when I married him. I was married to him three years ou the Oth of next May. I wish to go back and live with my husband. Mr. Thompson submitted to the Bench that there was no proof of marriage, no certificate having been produced. After some discussion the point was waived. Mr. Thompson called for the defence Loo Ching, who said —I know the prosecutor. lam married to her. I was married in an English church. In Castlemaine she tried to stab me v/ith a knife. She was sent to gaol, but as we had only been a short time married, I bailed her out five months after. On Clarke's Flat she set fire to my house. She used to be continually drunk, both day and night. She has been in the lock-up more than ten times. After she had the first child, I was one night laying in bed with the baby when I saw her get a large knife. I lay still to see what she would do. She came up and took me by the head. I then caught her wrist, and said, " What are you going to do 1" She said, " I am going to cut some bread and butter." 1 said, " Do you take my throat to bo bread and butter 1" I had her brought before the Bench, and she was bound to the peace for six months. I felt ashamed of bringing her before the Court so often, and was advised, if she would not conduct herself better, to get a warrant for her. One day she was drunk and went to the shoemaker. I went to the door, and shoved it in, and found her hi bed. He said he had taken her in because she was drunk. She was very dirty. She used to keep ihe house like a closet. I used to keep a servant, but no girl would stop. They liked me, but not her. My father is dead, and lam getting old, aud through my wife's conduct I have no children left. I turn my head to look but can see none of my family; lam alone. .By Mr. Burton—l have lived and slept with her since the affair occurred which I have mentioned. She is now living with a Chinaman's wife on Black Lead. »1 have but one house left. The Bench made an order for 10s a week to the complainant, and 25s 6d costs, warning her at the same time that if she annoyed Loo Ching in future she should forfeit tlie 10s per week.— Ballarat Star. Otago Daily Times , Issue 164, 26 May 1862, Page 5

CHINESE CONVICTED.

Auckland Star, Volume LXII, Issue 169, 20 July 1931, Page 7

FRUITERERS FINED

Evening Post, Volume CXXXVIII, Issue 61, 9 September 1944, Page 5

THE MAYOR'S FUND

Evening Post, Volume CIV, Issue 30, 4 August 1927, Page 13

CHINESE HELP

Evening Post, Volume CXI, Issue 35, 11 February 1931, Page 11

Celebrating Chatham cup victory

Celebrating Chatham cup victory

Saturday, September 8, 2012 6:00

Hamilton soccer legend Arthur Leong, and wife Maureen, with New Zealand's soccer Holy Grail - a Chatham Cup winner's medal.

Surviving members of the Hamilton Technical Old Boys soccer team, which won the hallowed Chatham Cup in 1962, will share laughter and memories in Hamilton tonight.

Six players will gather at Arthur Leong's Hamilton home to celebrate 50 years since they, as rank underdogs, won the cup by beating Northern, of Dunedin, 4-1.

Arthur tried to trace others, some of whom he thinks went to Australia. Some may have passed on but Mel 'Nobby' Clarke proved to be his biggest mystery.

"Nobby, a wonderful goalkeeper, sort of disappeared soon after we won the cup. No one really knows where he went, or what he did."

Former players John Dekkers, Charlie Caldwell, Tom Henderson, Paul Nevison and Trevor Jones will join Arthur and his wife Maureen.

In those days before 1970, the knockout tournament was played nationwide and the winners of the North and South Island competitions met for the final in Wellington. The Chatham Cup was presented to the then New Zealand Football Association in 1922 by the crew of HMS Chatham in appreciation for the hospitality they encountered on a visit to New Zealand.

Tech Old Boys is one of the few clubs outside of the main centres to triumph in the cup knockout tournament.

Arthur recalls the team's trip to Wellington was a great adventure. Everyone knew they were up against a class outfit, the pride of Dunedin, and holders of the 'cup'.

He says Tech Old Boys selected their playing colours - maroon with light blue sleeves - after seeing English first division club Aston Villa's strip.

"It did show the difference between us and the opposition. They came on to the field in their flash shirts while us Hamilton boys had home-made shirts sewed for us by Stella Wallace, the coach's daughter" (and mother of Margaret Wallace of city alteration workshop fame).

He remembers the early days of the club, set up in the years after World War Two. He also recalls the club being wound up in 1964 - the same year he hung up his boots after a distinguished sporting career.

Arthur Leong, fullback, inside back and centrehalf was a fixture in the New Zealand team from 1959 through to his retirement. Many other members of the national side played, at some time, with the Tech Old Boys.

Arthur, who says that representative sport was almost totally self-funded at the time, attended Hamilton Technical School and later taught at Te Awamutu College and Fairfield College.

He still has a competitive edge and plays golf up to three times a week with his mates at Horsham Down Golf Club. http://www.hamiltonnewslive.co.nz/news/celebrating-chatham-cup-victory/1534154/

Is The Alien Act Being Evaded?

A "Corker" for the Collector of Customs A ReaHy Intelligent Young Lady A peculiar action was commenced at ihe Wellington Magistrate's Court on Tuesday last before Mif. D. G. A. Cooper, S.M,, when the Collector of Custom per Mr. E. R. Brabazon, prosecuted two Chinese named Chan Ye Hop and his wife, whose maiden name was given as Van Chu Ling. Mr. I S. K. MacasSey, of the Crown law Office, represented the Customs Department and Mr. 1% G. Jellicoe, instructed by Messrs. Dlckuon and O'ftegdn, defended" the Chinese who pleaded not guilty. Mr. Macasaey set out the details of the prosecution, which were as follows: Jn the year 1894 naturalisation papers w ore. issued tot Ah Young, and In 1895 Chun Ye Hop PAID THE POLL TAX but failed to take out naturalisation papers. On November 5, 1912, Chan Ye Hop went to China and handed tys papers to a- Chinaman named Chan Bang Young-. Later (the prosecution contended) these naturalisation papers hud been secured by Chan Ye Hop who went i to Sydney and there married Van Chu LingArriving- back in this country,  be used the naturalisation papery an if they w<«ro hla own, q.ad thus secured the admission of bis wife into the country without paying the £200 poll tax. Ernest Rudolph Brtibazon, Collector of Customs, produced tho poll tax book j and showed that the poll tax of Wong Yt> Hop bad been paid on December 10, 1905. Mr. Jellicoe: Is there no form that the wife may go through m order that tins wife of a Chinese may be admitted into New Zealand? No, the form rests I with Ihe husband. What formalities do they go through If iho husband has not been naturalised previously? THE EDUCATION TEST. "Who prepares tho telit?— I do, as proifided by tho Act. Now, you've hud notice to produce your books; what records does your office keep? Wo keep these sheets (showing six sheets containing photos, finder prints, etc.). 1 am asking: you if you keep any books? I can produce the. rough entry book of the names of Chinese coming and going as kept by Mlhh Johnston. Now. will you kindly answer my Hut'»Uon what books uro kept to record the arrivals of Chinese In New Zealand?— No books at nil— only forms. Hero Mr. Jallfcoe asked witness what would b© thn procedure If a Chinese woman left out without her naturalised husband, and what form would she have to pass. "But they don't come without their husband)," he said. But suppose they do-~-she may come with someone else's husband? THAT'S WHAT THEY DO. Suppose you were satisfied on all three of points of examination, would you want any further information? Witness: Your Worship. I've never had a case like this put to me before. Loong Key, a grocer, of Taranaki -st., said that he was the brother of Ah Young, who was about seven years older than he was (he was 58) He had known nothing, nor soon nothing of the naturalisation papers. A crons-examinatlon by Mr. Jellfcoe olldttnl the Information th.-v ho know a  Young family somewhere In the Canton province. NZ Truth , Issue 548, 18 December 1915, Page 2

WONG DOO —In loving memory of our dear mother and mother-in-law, who went into rest August 18, 1940. Gone fiom us but not forgotten. Never shall thy memory fade. Sweetest thoughts sliall ever linger, Round the grave where thou art laid. Ever remembered by her loving daughter and son-in-law. Minnie and George

WONG DOO. —In loving memory of our dear mother and granny, who fell asleep August 10, 1940. She hud a nature you couldn't help loving,  more precious than gold.  those who knew her and loved her Her memory will never grow cold. Auckland Star, Volume LXXIII, Issue 194, 18 August 1942, Page 1

APPEAL BY CHINESE TECHNICAL POINT

APPEAL BY CHINESE TECHNICAL POINT RAISED ALLOWANCE FOR FAMILY

The question as to whether the army would make allowance for the family of a Chinese who were at present residing in China was raised at a sitting of the No. 1 Armed Forces Appeal Board this morning. An appeal for exemption from military service on the grounds of undue hardship was lodged by Wong Allen Geakland On Kee, greengrocer, who stated that his wife and two children were in China. He had a permit which enabled him to send £5 a month to China for the assistance of his family. After being informed of the reservist's weekly earning, Mr. F. J. Cox, Crown representative, said he would be better off financially in the army if an allowance was made for his family. The appeal was adjourned to ascertain whether an allowance for his family would be made in the reservist's case. Auckland Star, Volume LXXIII, Issue 250, 22 October 1942, Page 6

WANGANELLA'S PASSENGERS. The Huddart-Parker motor liner Wanganella, due to leave for Sydney at. 3 p.m. to-day, is taking the following passengers from Auckland Second Class.—

 Mr. Wong Sheung, Mr. A. L. Simpson, Mr. J. W. H. Sargent, Miss J. townsend, Mr. Ah Tin, Mr. A. E. J. SValker, Mrs. E. M. Whltten, Mr. Sui Wing, Mr. Fong Wee Wah, Mr. E. W. A. White, Mr. Chong Ylck, Mr. Fong Yip, Mr. and Mrs. Ping Soon Chan and six children. Auckland Star, Volume LXV, Issue 5, 6 January 1934, Page 4

Acts of benevolence by the Chinese of the city to the hospital are not infrequent, and the Hospital Board yesterday got a contribution of £5 5/ from Mr. Wah Lee and £1 1/ from Mr. Louis Quin towards the general funds. The money is to be applied to the purchase of a set of anatomical and surgical books for the Nurses Home library. The gifts carry with them a subsidy, which increases it to £14. Auckland Star, Volume XXXVII, Issue 38, 13 February 1906, Page 4

Chinese community in Auckland for the services rendered its members by the Auckland Hospital Board and citizens; while the influenza epidemic was raging was pleasantly exemplified to the board last night by the receipt of a donation of £50 from the Ge Kung Tong .Society, Mr Wah Lee of Grey .Street, in           forwarding a cheque for the amount on behalf of the society, explained that it  was in grateful recognition of the many kindnesses received by his countrymen during the epidemic, and he enclosed also a personal cheque for five guineas. This donation, the chairman remarked, would carry a Government subsidy of 24/ in the J Auckland Star, Volume L, Issue 120, 21 May 1919, Page 4

MATRICULATION. EXAMINATION RESULTS.

MATRICULATION. EXAMINATION RESULTS. UNIVERSITY'S TESTS. PASS LIST ISSUED. -SUCCESSFUL AUCKLANDERS. (The letter P indicates that the candidates passed the entrance examination;  

The following are the results for the University entrance examinations held, in December. 1930: 
Auckland Boys Grammar  C. Wah Lee, P

 Auckland Star, Volume LXII, Issue 20, 24 January 1931, Page 12

Chinese Gratitude. "Enclosed please find our cheque for £10 10/ as a slight token of esteem and appreciation of the good work and attention to such of our countrymen who have come under your institution's care. Your institution does everything to make the stranger feel at home during'his stav, and we can assure you that although they cannot express their gratitude in words your kind ness is no less appreciated." This was a letter received by the Hospital Board yesterday, and signed by Mr Wah Lee on behalf of the Chinese community in Auckland. In moving that th« donation be received with thanks, Mr. W. Wallace, chairman, said the Chinese were always grateful for what was done for them, and the donation had been forthcoming for ten years  to his knowledge. Auckland Star, Volume LIX, Issue 276, 21 November 1928, Page 6

Migrants from China.

Migrants from China. Eighteen Chinese were included in the passenger list of the Mai a ma, which arrived at Auck- yesterday from Sydney. It was a chattering group, which included well-dressed Chinese ranging from the. type that irons collars to the market gardeners who wear a shirt open at the neck and regard a tie as a superfluity. Fullmoon faces were wreathed in smiles as Auckland was contemplated from the ship's rail. They were not communicative. "Blin here aflore," said one member of the party. His destination was Mangere.  Auckland Star, Volume LIX, Issue 276, 21 November 1928, Page 6

RAID ON CHINESE,

POLICE COURT PROCEEDINGS, j CHARGES OF GAMING. A table on trestles, covered with a grey blanket, a number of dominoes, a tin box, two dice and an enamel mug were produced as exhibits in the Police Court this morning, when, following on the recent raid on premises occupied by Chinese at 40, Hobson Street, Wong Doo (50), and Wong Sun were charged with being the keepers of a common gaming house, Ah Heong (46) and Lee Chew (45), with having assisted in the keep-!; injr of same, and charges of having been found in a common gaming house were preferred against Loo Au (25), Hung (32), Ah Soo (2S), Wun (22), Ah Wah (57), Shi (30), Wing Kong (18), Wong Shium (24), Jimmy Gee (20), Chen Jong (30), Ah Hong (22), Ah So (21), Wong Yee (42), Mong (20), Ah Kit (55), Wong Fong (24), Ohan Fun (29), Wong Chung (23). All the -2 Chinese concerned were i present in Court. Chief-Detective  Mcllveney prosecuted, and Messrs. L. 1 i, Lean- and R. P. Towle appeared for the accused. The charge against Wong Doo was proceeded with first. The Chief-Detective said that it would be shown Wong Doo, Wong Yee, and Wong Sun had entered into an agreement for the purchase of the premises situate at 40, Hobson Street, in December last. On the ground floor of these  premises, which the police had kept under observation, there was a fairly large room facing Hobson Street, which on the night of July 16 was occupied by seven or eight Chinese, who were apparently attending a prayer meeting. conducted by Shack Horn. At the rear of the kitchen was a smaller room containing two tables. There were two or three windows in the room, the lower portions of which were composed of stained glass, and the upper panes appeared to have been whitewashed at one time. On the second storey was a room fronting Hobson Street, behind which were several bedrooms. The owners of the premises, so far as could be gathered, did not sleep there. The evidence would show that the premises were generally conducted by Chow, -who described himself as a cook. These premises were kept under observation by Detective Meiklejohn and Constable Doel. At 5.15 p.m. on July 16, he (the Chief Detective) and other police raided the premises by virtue of a search warrant. Gaming was going on in the room on the ground floor and also in the room on the second floor. The game of "Haing Gow" was being played downstairs and "Ma Chuck" was being played upstairs.

The Chief Detective then went on to describe the game of Haing Gow This, he said, was played with 32 dominoes and two squares of dice. It was played for six men, one of whom was the banker. The two squares of dice were thrown to determine who would be bnanker. The banker changed if he was beaten by one player. The 321 dominoes were then shuffled and placed in stacks of' five —two being left face upwards. Amongst the dominoes were two, the counting of which could be changed -one with two white spots and a red one could be counted either a 3 or 6. The other had four red spots and two white and could be counted either as 6 or 3. One square of dice was then tossed by the banker to discover which player would receive a particular stack of the placed dominoes, and the remaining lots were then counted out to other players. Before the square of dice was tossed the players placed the other stacks on the table. Then the money was paid 'by the banker to the winner. Anyone could bet on the players' chance against the (banker. In the room was an agent who watched the game and received a percentage from the winner—ten per cent, he believed it was in this game. When the money was set and the dominoes stacked, the banker tossed the dice. The dominoes were handed out each player receiving five. They then set to work with three dominoes to make up either10, 20, or 30 in numbers. The number arrived at determined whether or not the player would be a winner or loser. He could have a hand of 10—not over that. If the banker had fewer i numbers than all the other players he had to pay out, and if he had to pay out to anyone he lost the bank. If the players had fewer numbers than the banker, they would have to pay out to the banker. Tie game could be played for pounds, shillings or pence. The implements shown to the court were seized on the night of the raid.

James Graham, solicitor for the vendor of the premises to the Chinese purchasers, said Wong Doo had told him the police raided the place, but said he was not afraid. Wong said to witness, '"Don’t  you play cards at your house? Europeans play cards for money: we play with dominoes." Detective Meiklejohn gave lengthy evidence regarding his observations of 49, Hobson Street, where he had several times seen Haing Gow being played. In answer to the Chief Detective, witness said Haing Gow was a game of chance. Mr. Leary: I object to that statement is evidence. I am most emphatically going to prove that it is a game of skill. Detective Meiklejohn said that Chinese had been hitherto convicted in the court for playing this game. Mr. Poynton: The demonstration given by the police seems to me to prove it is a game of chance. (Thy detective had manipulated the dominoes to show tin' Bench how the same was played). Mr. That was a Gilbertian demonstration. 1 have text hooks to prove that it is a game of skill. Mr Leary then proceeded to show that it was one of skill.  I duped a text hook on "Ma Chuck," written by a judge of the Supreme Court »t" Hong' Kong, in which it vasated thatj was rapidly becoming the national game of cards, played by old and young, rich and poor, men and women." This judge had written with tin-1 Idea of popularising the game. which played in the European duos and in the ward rooms of warships, under the name of sparrow. The best player he knew said the judge, was a boy of years, Mr. Cary proceeded to finder and arrange the characters of "Ma Chuck." It will probably take in two minutes to teach your Worship the game be it took me that long to learn it—but will proceed to do  so if you allow me.  Mr. Towle contended that the  premises at Hobson Street were used as a Chinese club, and that the game played were of skill. jThe Court then considered further demonstrations of Haing Gow and Ma Chuck.  Auckland Star, Volume LIII, Issue 177, 28 July 1922, Page 5

SUCCESSES COMPETITION WRITING AND DRAWING TESTS.

SUCCESSES COMPETITION WRITING AND DRAWING TESTS. The following rests' of primary and secondary school competitions at the Winter Show were announced last evening LETTERING, PRIMARY SCHOOLS

Standard lll.—Judith Glover (Northcote) 1. Charlie Wah Lee (Normal) 2, Barbara Johnstone (Normal) Auckland Star, Volume 55, Issue 136, 10 June 1924, Page 8

PACKAPOO PLAYERS.

PACKAPOO PLAYERS.

CHINESE GAMBLERS ARRESTED RESULT OF POLICE RAID. GREY STREET GAMING. HOUSE. As a result of a police raid on a house in Grey Street on Saturday night a number of Chinamen were charged at the Police Court this morning, before Mr. F. V. Frazer, S.M., with having been found on premises conducted as a common gaming house. An additional charge of being the occupier of a common gaming house was brought against one of the Chinamen, Ah Yuan. Of the others, Hen Toy, Chin Ling, and Charlie Gin, did not appear, Tin Lee, Charlie Chee, Fong Fook, Len Young, Yee Chin Wah, Low King, and Ah Lee pleaded "Guilty," and Hong Chee, Sing Kit, and Ah Duk, pleaded "Not guilty." The raid was made at about half-past ten on Saturday night by Sub-Inspector Wohlman, Senior-Sergeant McNamara, and six constables. The .shop raided was one of three comprising a twostorey brick building, fronting Grey Street, and adjoining the Market Hotel. he raided sbop (No. 29) was ostensibly conducted as a restaurant for Chinese under the sign of "The Savoy." The raiding party approached the premises from both rear and front, but just as the time for making an entry arrived, a signal was given by a "Chinaman who came out of an adjoining building, with the result that those inside rushed the doors, and the light was turned off inside as the police entered. Several of the Chinamen escaped through the neighbouring properties, but most of them were caught and driven back into the house. In the basement of the building, below the street level, all the paraphernalia peculiar to Chinese games of chance were found, including the banker's lead plate, stacks of' Chinese coins, the pointed sticks used for lifting the perforated Chinese coins, dominoes of the Chinese variety with which haing gow is played, Chinese and European playing cards, and materials used in playing fan tan. Each of the Chinamen was .searched, and a sum of about £150 was collected from them. All "the Chinese concerned were taken to the police station in motor cars to be charged before Dr. F. W. King, J.P., and bail being forthcoming in each case in the sum of £5, they were "all remanded until this morning. Sub-Inspector Wohlmann pointed out that gambling 'was very demoralising where Chinamen were concerned, and the better class Chinese were opposed to it. He said that poor Chinamen who arrived in New Zealand lost their money and-were then exploited by the wealthier Chinamen, who compelled .their -victims to work for losb than'the market wage. The premises concerned had been under observation for a considerable time, and gambling had been noticed on a number of occasions, Chinamen to the number of about thirty having been present at one time. Ah Yuan, who was charged with being the occupier of the premises, pleaded guilty, and was fined £100 and costs. Sin Kit said he went to the shop to buy some duck, and was speaking' to the cook when the police arrived. He was given the benefit of the doubt and discharged. Hong Chee, who was found in an outhouse, and denied having had anything to do with the gambling, admitted 1 however, that he had £50 in his possession, together with some pakapoo tickets. He was fined £5 and costs, the extra £1 being imposed because he did not tell the truth. Ah Duk 6aid he was assistant cook, and was on the premises just to clean up dishes. He had no money to gamble' witli;. He had been observed by the police earlier in the evening, however, playing a- species of gambling patience, and when the raid was made he was discovered behind a door with his hand over his face. He was convicted and fined £4. and costs 12/. A similar fine was-imposed on the accused who had pleaded guilty and on those who did not appear, or in default 21 days' imprisonment. Auckland Star, Volume XLIX, Issue 83, 8 April 1918, Page 6